ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To compare the chemical constituents of petroleum ether fraction from ethanol extract of Aconitum sinomontanum before and after processing. METHODS ：After A. sinomontanum was purified with water ，the raw product decoction pieces were prepared ；the raw decoction pieces were steamed with licorice juice under high pressure to prepare processed decoction pieces of A. sinomontanum . The petroleum ether fractions of raw product and processed product were obtained after ultrasonic extraction with 95％ ethanol. The chemical constituents in the samples were analyzed by GC-MS. NIST 2014 mass spectrometry database was used to compare and match the components . The peak area normalization method was used to determine the relative percentage content of each component. RESULTS ：Before and after processing ，fatty acids and esters were the main components in the petroleum ether fraction from ethanol extract. Totally 18 chromatographic peaks were detected in the detection pieces of raw product，and 13 compounds were identified ，accounting for 94.60％ of the total content of volatile components. The components with relatively high content were （Z，Z，Z）-9，12，15-octadecatrienoic acid （26.13％），hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester （25.27％）， palmitoleic acid （10.84％），ethyl linoleic acid （10.67％），（Z，Z）-9，12-octadecenoic acid methyl ester （6.66％），pentadecanoic acid（5.11％）and so on. Totally 25 chromatographic peaks were detected in the decoction pieces of processed products，and 18 components were identified ，accounting for 82.40％ of the total content of volatile components. The components with relatively high content were palmitoleic acid （18.95％），（Z，Z）-9，12-octadecenoic acid methyl ester （17.93％），hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester（11.94％），（Z，Z，Z）-9，12，15-octadecatrienoic acid （10.54％），（Z，Z）-9，12-octadecenoic acid （5.51％），（Z）-11-hexadecanoic acid（5.30％）and so on. After processing ，7 new components were added ，5 of which were identified as （－）-eucalyptus globulus alcohol，ethyl 2-methyltetrade-canoate，6-methyl-4-phenylcoumarin，β-sitosterol，heptadecane. After processing ，no components disappeared，and the content of some components increased or decreased. CONCLUSIONS ：After processing ，the volatile components in the petroleum ether fraction from ethanol extract of A. sinomontanum are different ，and（－）-eucalyptus globulus alcohol and other components are added after processing.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the feasibility of evaluating the pancreatic fat deposition with ultrasound,and analyze the relationship of pancreatic fat deposition with the risk factors for diabetes.Methods Two hundred and ninety-four subjects were recruited in the diabetes epidemic survey of Shanghai Sixth Peoples' Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University from Oct 2015 to Jan 2016,including 111 diabetes mellitus (DM) cases,54 sugar metabolic abnormalities (IGR) cases,and 129 healthy cases as control group.The general data were collected.Biochemical indicators including ALT,AST and insulin in fasting blood samples were detected,and insulin resistance index (HOMA2-IR) and insulin secretion index (HOMA-IS) were calculated.The pancreatic fat deposition was evaluated by the ultrasound,and pancreas echoes were divided into three levels (1,2,3),by comparing with the echo of the rectus.The Chi-square test was used to analyze the pancreatic fat deposition rate,while the Logistic regression was used to figure out the diabetes high-risk factors influencing the pancreatic fat deposition.Results Forty-two subjects were found to have the pancreatic fat deposition in the healthy group (33.3％),of whom 19 cases,16 cases and 8 cases were categorized into level 1,2 and 3,respectively.Thirty subjects were found to have the pancreatic fat deposition in the IGR group (55.6％),of whom 14 cases,11 cases and 5 cases were categorized into level 1,2 and 3,respectively.Sixty-seven subjects were found to have the pancreatic fat deposition in the DM group (60.4％),of whom 37 cases,18 cases and 12 cases,were categorized into level 1,2,3,respectively.The pancreatic fat deposition rates of the 3 groups were statistically significantly different (P＜0.01).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index (BMI),HOMA2-IR,high triglycerides (TG),and total cholesterol (TC) may be the-risk factors for the pancreatic fat deposition in IGR and T2DM patients.Conclusions The ultrasound evaluation on pancreatic fat deposition was feasible,and the pancreatic fat deposition was related to multiple high-risk factors for diabetes.